Tuesday, January 19, 2010

America in So Many Words


year

Word

Etymology/Cultural importance

OED: First occurrence

COHA: First occurrence

COHA: History

1837

Christmas tree

Introduced to America and England in 1930s by Germany who customarily had decorated, illuminated evergreen trees at Christmas time.

1835

1823 Did the warlike Varegs bring the Christmas
tree with them,

[Christmas Tree] Steady increase from 1847 and in 1920 it doubles from the decade before, but mainly because of one book with more than half of the entries.

1857

Shindig

Origin might be shindy which was "a row or commotion" from the 1830s. Someone mistook it as shin dig and took it literally since people did tend to get bruised up at these parties.

1859

1873 "It's no Pike County shindig," had responded the floor-manager,

[Shindig] Very rare from 1870 to 1920. Spikes in 1940 then decreases slightly since then.

1877

Dude

A western man with an eye towards fashion and a reputation of less than fulfilling conversation. Later broadened to another word for man.

1883 (n); 1899(v)

1883 to a fellow who is now in the dude business, but he

[Dude]The few results from 1830 to 1870 do not make sense within the sentences. From 1880 the results are fairly stable, spikes due to single books within those decades. Later decades use dude only as a word for man.

1897

Underprivileged

There have always been privileged people, but then America decided there were certain privileges due to all men and those that didn't have them were underprivileged. In the 1990s political correctness determined that needy was a better word.

1896 (a)

1935 (n)

1927 organizations for the betterment of underprivileged children

[Underprivileged] Increased until 1970 where numbers dropped over next two decades. 2000s has increased again, unsure why.

1917

GI

Originally stood for the material used to make a trash can which was government issue. In WWII the soldiers called artillery shells GI cans and it broadened to mean everything government issue, including soldiers.

1842

1893
principles of the GI audArmy of the Republic. (unsure if roman numeral or government issue)

1927
We have built GI new schools (rest of text deals with numbers. So likely roman numeral)

1944
The cots were GI with GI mattresses.

[GI] All uses before 1940 were abbreviations for give or roman numerals. Usage spiked high in 1940s with the government issue meaning due to WWII and is still the most used meaning.

1937

Groovy

African-American jazz musicians were in the groove, but no one is sure why the word came about. Regardless, a person in the groove had a mind "conducive to good playing" and it broadened to mean "to have fun."

1937

1853 (literal meaning of something with grooves)

1947
all the students, including eight nuns, were fairly groovy.

[Groovy] At its highest in the 1960s and 1970s it then dropped but in the 2000s its been making a comeback.

1957

Role model

There has long been imitation of those we admire, but a role model was originally imitating a certain role in a person and it broadened to model a person's whole life.

1957

1905
an appropriate' masculine role
model'. Middle-class fathers,

[Role Model] One occurrence in 1900s then none until 1970s from where it has since increased almost double each decade. 1905 might have been a fortuitous choice of words, unsure.

1977

Loony tunes

Loony Tunes was first a noun, used as the title of one of WB's cartoon series. The inspiration for loony comes from the loon bird which had a weird call that seemed lunatic and tunes is just an abbreviation of cartoons. The adjective came directly from the title of the cartoons.

None for loony tunes.

Loony - 1872

1966 I fought for you upstairs. Loony
tunes. Hi ya doc!

[Loony tunes] Very few references. One for each decade from 1960 with an increase to two in 1990. Three occurrences are nouns in reference to the show, the rest are adjectives. Not sure why so few unless it's more interesting to say than write.

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